Off-time decides whether final current recovers below a target. Exact arithmetic here means exact results for the stated model inputs; measured inputs still carry uncertainty and significant-figure limits.

highlighted = computed this step

3 s recovery row

Start current stays 6 A under negative 3 V for 3 s. Final current is 3 A and target is at most 2 A, so margin is negative 1 A.

If=3 A,m=1 AfailI_f=3\ \text{A},\quad m=-1\ \text{A}\Rightarrow\text{fail}
Off-ramp recovery boundaryLonger off-time pulls the final current below the target.L 3 HV -3 Vdt 3 sIi 6 AdI -3 AIf 3 A

4 s recovery row

Start current stays 6 A under negative 3 V for 4 s. Final current is 2 A and target is at most 2 A, so margin is 0 A.

If=2 A,m=0 ApassI_f=2\ \text{A},\quad m=0\ \text{A}\Rightarrow\text{pass}
Off-ramp recovery boundaryLonger off-time pulls the final current below the target.L 3 HV -3 Vdt 4 sIi 6 AdI -4 AIf 2 A

5 s recovery row

Start current stays 6 A under negative 3 V for 5 s. Final current is 1 A and target is at most 2 A, so margin is 1 A.

If=1 A,m=1 ApassI_f=1\ \text{A},\quad m=1\ \text{A}\Rightarrow\text{pass}
Off-ramp recovery boundaryLonger off-time pulls the final current below the target.L 3 HV -3 Vdt 5 sIi 6 AdI -5 AIf 1 A