A sample clock is an exact period and count contract. Exact arithmetic here means exact results for the stated model inputs; measured inputs still carry uncertainty and significant-figure limits.

highlighted = computed this step

The sample period is a spacing contract

The clock period is 2 seconds, and there are 5 sample cells.

T=2 s,N=5T=2\ \text{s},\quad N=5
Sample periodFive left-edge sample markers are checked.totalt=0 st=2 st=4 st=6 st=8 s

Count times period gives the covered window

Five period cells of 2 seconds cover 10 seconds.

52 s=10 s5\cdot 2\ \text{s}=10\ \text{s}
Clock windowThe total vector is bound to period times count.totalt=0 st=2 st=4 st=6 st=8 s