row_number is exact only with explicit tie-free ordering.
highlighted = computed this step
row_number
The window surface supports only row_number with explicit order columns. Ambiguous ties fail closed instead of choosing hidden order.
row number with explicit order
Partitioned row numbers
The output has 4 rows and 4 window facts. The DB partition contains 3 ordered rows.
rows=4,window facts=4
SQL extensions are rendered as tiny finite-table semantics; SQL dialect completeness, optimizer behavior, execution cost, full DDL behavior, and database-product claims are out of scope.
Summary
row_number is exact only because the order is explicit and tie-free. Note: frames, ranges, and other window functions are out of scope.