A derived table is a compiled subquery result used as a child table.
highlighted = computed this step
Derived table
A derived table compiles a subquery result and renames it as a child table. The rows remain finite bag rows.
subquery as table
Renamed child rows
The derived child contains 5 rows. Grouping that child produces 3 output groups.
child rows=5,groups=3
SQL extensions are rendered as tiny finite-table semantics; SQL dialect completeness, optimizer behavior, execution cost, full DDL behavior, and database-product claims are out of scope.
Summary
The derived table is just a compiled child result in this model. Note: correlated subqueries and planner choices are out of scope.