A non-recursive CTE names a compiled subquery result for the body.
highlighted = computed this step
CTE
A CTE binds a named compiled subquery result for the body. This surface is non-recursive and makes no materialization claim.
named compiled child
Named subquery output
The query has 1 CTE output and 3 final rows, with 1 unmatched course row.
CTEs=1,rows=3
SQL extensions are rendered as tiny finite-table semantics; SQL dialect completeness, optimizer behavior, execution cost, full DDL behavior, and database-product claims are out of scope.
Summary
The CTE is a fail-closed wrapper around named compiled results. Note: recursion and materialization are explicitly out of scope.