A changed diode path count moves the reservoir valley gate. Exact arithmetic here means exact results for the stated model inputs; measured inputs still carry uncertainty and significant-figure limits.

highlighted = computed this step

1 conducting diode sets the valley gate

Source peak stays 12 V and diode drop stays 1 V. Conducting diode count 1 leaves rectified peak 11 V and valley margin 1 V.

11 V2 V8 V=1 Vpass11\ \text{V}\mathbin{-}2\ \text{V}\mathbin{-}8\ \text{V}=1\ \text{V}\Rightarrow\text{pass}
Rectifier path-count boundaryThe diode count changes the source delivered to the reservoir.Vsrc 12 VVd 1 VnD 1 diodesVout 11 VIload 2 Adt 3 sC 3 FdV 2 VVmin 8 Vgate pass

2 conducting diodes set the valley gate

Source peak stays 12 V and diode drop stays 1 V. Conducting diode count 2 leaves rectified peak 10 V and valley margin 0 V.

10 V2 V8 V=0 Vpass10\ \text{V}\mathbin{-}2\ \text{V}\mathbin{-}8\ \text{V}=0\ \text{V}\Rightarrow\text{pass}
Rectifier path-count boundaryThe diode count changes the source delivered to the reservoir.Vsrc 12 VVd 1 VnD 2 diodesVout 10 VIload 2 Adt 3 sC 3 FdV 2 VVmin 8 Vgate pass

3 conducting diodes set the valley gate

Source peak stays 12 V and diode drop stays 1 V. Conducting diode count 3 leaves rectified peak 9 V and valley margin negative 1 V.

9 V2 V8 V=1 Vfail9\ \text{V}\mathbin{-}2\ \text{V}\mathbin{-}8\ \text{V}=-1\ \text{V}\Rightarrow\text{fail}
Rectifier path-count boundaryThe diode count changes the source delivered to the reservoir.Vsrc 12 VVd 1 VnD 3 diodesVout 9 VIload 2 Adt 3 sC 3 FdV 2 VVmin 8 Vgate fail