The same input/prior state changes only when the timing source gate accepts. Exact arithmetic here means exact results for the stated model inputs; measured inputs still carry uncertainty and significant-figure limits.
highlighted = computed this step
Passing timing source lets the input replace prior state
Input stays 1 and prior stays 0. Setup slack 3 s and hold slack 1 s make the edge gate capture with output 1.
ssetup=3s,shold=1s⇒Q=1
Setup-failed source keeps the prior state
Input stays 1 and prior stays 0. Setup slack -1 s and hold slack 1 s make the edge gate hold with output 0.
ssetup=−1s,shold=1s⇒Q=0
Hold-failed source also keeps the prior state
Input stays 1 and prior stays 0. Setup slack 3 s and hold slack negative 1/2 s make the edge gate hold with output 0.