Transistor Boundary Depth Scans

Saturation Voltage Floor Three-Row Scan

The stated saturation voltage sets the low output floor and changes load demand. Exact arithmetic here means exact results for the stated model inputs; measured inputs still carry uncertainty and significant-figure limits.

highlighted = computed this step

Zero-volt saturation gives a three-ampere load

Saturation voltage 0 V leaves load current 3 A and sets output floor 0 V.

Iload=12 V − 0 V4 Ω=3 AI_\text{load}={12\ \text{V}\ -\ 0\ \text{V}\over 4\ \Omega}=3\ \text{A}
Saturation-voltage floor scanThe output floor is the stated saturation voltage.output 0 Vdrive 3 Aload 3 Acollector 3 Asaturation

Four-volt saturation raises the output floor

Saturation voltage 4 V leaves load current 2 A and sets output floor 4 V.

Iload=12 V − 4 V4 Ω=2 AI_\text{load}={12\ \text{V}\ -\ 4\ \text{V}\over 4\ \Omega}=2\ \text{A}
Saturation-voltage floor scanThe output floor is the stated saturation voltage.drive 3 Aload 2 Acollector 2 Aoutput 4 Vsaturation

Eight-volt saturation leaves only one ampere of load

Saturation voltage 8 V leaves load current 1 A and sets output floor 8 V.

Iload=12 V − 8 V4 Ω=1 AI_\text{load}={12\ \text{V}\ -\ 8\ \text{V}\over 4\ \Omega}=1\ \text{A}
Saturation-voltage floor scanThe output floor is the stated saturation voltage.drive 3 Aload 1 Acollector 1 Aoutput 8 Vsaturation