A finite converter range is divided into exact code steps. Exact arithmetic here means exact results for the stated model inputs; measured inputs still carry uncertainty and significant-figure limits.

highlighted = computed this step

The converter has a finite voltage range

The ideal range starts at 0 volts and ends at 8 volts.

[0,8) V[0,8)\ \text{V}
Full-scale rangeThe visible range vector is checked.rangelsb

Eight codes divide the eight-volt span

The 8 volt span divided by 8 codes gives a 1 volt LSB.

8 V/8=1 V8\ \text{V}/8=1\ \text{V}
Eight-code ladderThe LSB vector is one eighth of the range.rangelsb