Quantization Ladders

Code Edges Are Intervals

A code owns a half-open voltage interval. Exact arithmetic here means exact results for the stated model inputs; measured inputs still carry uncertainty and significant-figure limits.

highlighted = computed this step

A code starts at its left edge

Code 5 starts at 5 volts when the LSB is 1 volt.

vlow=0+5⋅1 V=5 Vv_{\text{low}}=0+5\cdot 1\ \text{V}=5\ \text{V}
Code intervalThe code label and interval label are checked.input=11/2 V[5, 6) Vcode=5

The right edge is excluded

The interval is 5 to 6 volts, with the right edge left open.

[5,6) V[5,6)\ \text{V}
Half-open code cellThe bin is a voltage interval, not a point.input=11/2 V[5, 6) Vcode=5