Clipping has direction and a status bit, not just a max-code rule. Exact arithmetic here means exact results for the stated model inputs; measured inputs still carry uncertainty and significant-figure limits.
Below range clips to the lower rail
Input -2 V becomes 0 V, code 0, clipped flag 1.
− 2 → 0 V , c = 0 , b = 1 -2\rightarrow0\ \text{V},\quad c=0,\quad b=1 − 2 → 0 V , c = 0 , b = 1 Clipping direction scan Low, in-range, and high statuses are checked. clipped low
Inside range keeps the input and clears the flag
Input 4 V becomes 4 V, code 4, clipped flag 0.
4 → 4 V , c = 4 , b = 0 4\rightarrow4\ \text{V},\quad c=4,\quad b=0 4 → 4 V , c = 4 , b = 0 Clipping direction scan Low, in-range, and high statuses are checked. in range
Above range clips to the upper rail
Input 10 V becomes 8 V, code 7, clipped flag 1.
10 → 8 V , c = 7 , b = 1 10\rightarrow8\ \text{V},\quad c=7,\quad b=1 10 → 8 V , c = 7 , b = 1 Clipping direction scan Low, in-range, and high statuses are checked. clipped high