Sensor Gain Three-Row Scan - Electronic Circuits IX: Feedback Control and Stability Margins Step by Step

Holding target and forward gain fixed isolates sensor gain as a source factor. Exact arithmetic here means exact results for the stated model inputs; measured inputs still carry uncertainty and significant-figure limits.

highlighted = computed this step

Sensor gain one measures output directly

Target 12 volts and sensor gain 1 close at output 6 volts.

y={12\over 2}=6\ \text{V}

Sensor gain two lowers the output

Sensor gain 2 makes output 4 volts read as measured feedback 8 volts.

y={12\over 3}=4\ \text{V},\quad m=8\ \text{V}

Sensor gain three lowers the output again

Sensor gain 3 gives output 3 volts and measured feedback 9 volts.

y={12\over 4}=3\ \text{V},\quad m=9\ \text{V}