Start with a prepared two-state budget before any readout mistakes are added.
In this pinned example, true probabilities 3/4 and 1/4 over 40 ideal shots
make 30 zero-state counts and 10 one-state counts; real shot totals still
fluctuate because preparation and sampling are measured, not guaranteed.
True probabilities give ideal expected counts before assignment calibration is applied. Exact arithmetic here means exact results for the stated model inputs; measured inputs still carry uncertainty and significant-figure limits.
highlighted = computed this step
True probabilities are the input budget
The prepared state budget is 3/4 for zero and 1/4 for one.
p0=43,p1=41
A finite shot total gives expected counts
With 40 ideal shots, true probabilities give 30 zero-state counts and 10 one-state counts.