A two-state readout starts with exact low and high signal levels. Exact arithmetic here means exact results for the stated model inputs; measured inputs still carry uncertainty and significant-figure limits.

highlighted = computed this step

Prepared zero has a low signal

The calibrated zero signal is 2, below the threshold 5.

s0=2,T=5s_{0}=2,\quad T=5
Low readout signalThe low calibrated signal is below threshold.zero signal 2one signal 8threshold 5input 2 reads zero

Prepared one has a high signal

The calibrated one signal is 8, above the same threshold 5.

s1=8,T=5s_{1}=8,\quad T=5
High readout signalThe high calibrated signal is above threshold.zero signal 2one signal 8threshold 5input 8 reads one