Repetition-code majority has a counted flip boundary. Exact arithmetic here means exact results for the stated model inputs; measured inputs still carry uncertainty and significant-figure limits.

highlighted = computed this step

Majority tolerance is counted before correction

A three-carrier code has one unit of flip tolerance before majority changes.

m=fmaxfm=f_{\max}-f
Three-carrier codeThe encoded word has one unit of tolerance.repetition code

Flip counts bracket the majority boundary

The five-carrier row with two flips is the boundary. Three flips would cross it.

nffmaxm301152205321\begin{array}{c|c|c|c}n&f&f_{\max}&m\\3&0&1&1\\5&2&2&0\\5&3&2&-1\\\end{array}
Boundary majorityTwo flips in five carriers still keep majority.majority contrast

The three-flip row is outside this helper contract

The checked majority helper is not called on the failing row because it intentionally accepts only preserved-majority rows.

m=1failm=-1\quad \text{fail}
Majority source onlyThe failing row stays a lesson-layer boundary.repetition code