clamp-regulator-holds-output-inside-headroom - Electronic Circuits XIII & XIV: Power Supplies and Switching Energy Step by Step

A clamp-regulator-holds-output-inside-headroom scan treats regulation as a gate: the input valley must clear output voltage plus required headroom before the 5 V output claim is accepted. The pass/fail arithmetic is exact only for the stated output, headroom, and input-minimum rows in the ideal regulator ledger. Real supplies add ripple shape, diode drops, regulator dropout behavior, thermal limits, tolerances, finite precision, and measurement uncertainty.

A simple regulator claim starts with an exact headroom gate. Exact arithmetic here means exact results for the stated model inputs; measured inputs still carry uncertainty and significant-figure limits.

highlighted = computed this step

The required input is output plus headroom

The output request is 5 V. The regulator cannot accept the claim until the input valley clears output plus headroom.

V_{\text{required}}=V_{\text{out}}+V_{\text{headroom}}

More headroom can turn the same input into a failure

The input valley stays fixed. The third row asks for too much headroom and is rejected.

\begin{array}{c|c|c|c|c}V_{\text{out}}&V_h&V_{\text{required}}&V_{\text{in,min}}&\text{gate}\\5\ \text{V}&1\ \text{V}&6\ \text{V}&7\ \text{V}&\text{pass}\\5\ \text{V}&2\ \text{V}&7\ \text{V}&7\ \text{V}&\text{pass}\\5\ \text{V}&3\ \text{V}&8\ \text{V}&7\ \text{V}&\text{fail}\\\end{array}

The regulator needs output plus headroom

The ideal regulator output is accepted only because the input valley clears the exact required input.

5\ \text{V}+1\ \text{V}=6\ \text{V}\le7\ \text{V}