Code Reconstructs a Voltage Level - Electronic Circuits X: Sampling, Quantization, and Finite Conversion Step by Step

A code maps back to the lower edge of its bin in this model. Exact arithmetic here means exact results for the stated model inputs; measured inputs still carry uncertainty and significant-figure limits.

highlighted = computed this step

Lower-edge reconstruction returns the bin's left edge

Code 5 with LSB 1 volt reconstructs 5 volts.

0+5\cdot 1\ \text{V}=5\ \text{V}

Exact edge input has zero reconstruction error

For input 5 volts, the error is 0 volts.

5\ -\ 5=0\ \text{V}