Three source-budget rows separate input size from a fixed cutoff ratio. Exact arithmetic here means exact results for the stated model inputs; measured inputs still carry uncertainty and significant-figure limits.
highlighted = computed this step
Ten input units halve to five output units
At cutoff, the ratio is fixed at 1/2. Input budget 10 becomes output budget 5.
10⋅21=5
Twenty input units halve to ten output units
The middle row uses input budget 20 with the same cutoff ratio. Output is 10.
20⋅21=10
Thirty input units halve to fifteen output units
The final source row raises input budget to 30. The same exact ratio gives 15 output units.