A same-phase divider treats source and load impedances as aligned magnitudes, so the output is the load's share of the total impedance. The 16 V rows are exact for this simplified divider; real AC dividers include phase angle, frequency dependence, parasitics, source loading, tolerance, and voltage-measurement uncertainty.
Same-phase source and load impedances divide voltage by exact load share. Exact arithmetic here means exact results for the stated model inputs; measured inputs still carry uncertainty and significant-figure limits.
highlighted = computed this step
Equal source and load split the voltage
Source impedance 2 ohms and load impedance 2 ohms put 1/2 of the voltage on the load.
16⋅42=8
A larger load takes three quarters
Load impedance 6 ohms makes the load share 3/4 and output voltage 12.
16⋅86=12
A much larger load keeps seven eighths
Load impedance 14 ohms makes the load share 7/8 and output voltage 14.