Electronic Circuits VII & VIII: Frequency Response and Active Filters Step by Step
A lightweight execution-visualization book.
Normalized Frequency Contracts
Frequency Index Compares to Cutoff
Cutoff Is Half Squared Response
Squared Ratio Avoids Decimal Amplitude
Low-Pass and High-Pass Complements
Low-Pass Keeps Slow Signals
Low-Pass Reduces Fast Signals
High-Pass Complements Low-Pass
Cascades Multiply Ratios
Two Stages Multiply at Cutoff
Slow Then Fast Cascade Uses Distinct Cutoffs
Stage Order Changes Intermediate Budget
Filter Windows and Gain Budgets
High-Pass Then Low-Pass Makes a Window
Gain After Filter Scales Squared Budget
Filter Chain Audit Closes the Budget
Filter Ratio Cross Scans
Low-Pass Cutoff Three-Row Scan
High-Pass Complement Three-Row Scan
Window Gain Budget Three-Row Scan
Filter Source-Factor Depth Scans
Low-Pass Frequency Three-Row Scan
High-Pass Frequency Three-Row Scan
Input Budget Three-Row Scan
Window High-Pass Cutoff Three-Row Scan
Active Gain Three-Row Scan
Phase as Timing
Phase Is Time Shift Over Period
Lag and Lead Are Directional
Cutoff Phase Is a Named Model Point
Impedance Triangles
Resistance and Reactance Form Impedance
Current Uses Impedance Magnitude
Reactance Ratios Come From the Triangle
Loading and Buffers
Impedance Divider Sets Load Voltage
Lower Load Impedance Pulls Output Down
Buffer Isolates the Filter Load
Active Filter Contracts
Active Filter Separates Ratio and Gain
Rail Limit Is Not a Filter Ratio
Phase Filter Audit Closes the Chain
Phase and Impedance Cross Scans
Phase Fraction Three-Row Scan
Impedance Current Three-Row Scan
Same-Phase Divider Three-Row Scan
Source-Factor Depth Scans
Phase Period Three-Row Scan
Source Voltage Through Impedance Three-Row Scan
Source Impedance Divider Three-Row Scan
Passive Ratio Three-Row Scan
Active Gain Three-Row Scan