A correction fraction between one and two overshoots but still damps. Exact arithmetic here means exact results for the stated model inputs; measured inputs still carry uncertainty and significant-figure limits.

highlighted = computed this step

A correction bigger than one overshoots

Correction 3/2 sends the first state from 0 volts to 12 volts.

0+32(8(0))=120+{3\over 2}(8-(0))=12
Overshoot correctionSigned error bars show the crossing.s0e0s1e1s2e2s3e3

The signed error changes direction and shrinks

The checked errors are 8, negative 4, 2, negative 1 volts.

e: 8,4,2,1e:\ 8,-4,2,-1
Damped overshootThe sign is part of the checked error.s0e0s1e1s2e2s3e3