Standard Exceptions

The standard library throws typed exceptions for common errors such as invalid numeric input.

standard_exceptions.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <string>

int main() {
    std::string text = ;

    try {
        int value = std::stoi(text);
        std::cout << "value=" << value << std::endl;
    } catch (const std::invalid_argument& error) {
        std::cout << "parse=invalid" << std::endl;
    }

    std::cout << "input=" << text << std::endl;
    return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <string>

int main() {
    std::string text = ;

    try {
        int value = std::stoi(text);
        std::cout << "value=" << value << std::endl;
    } catch (const std::invalid_argument& error) {
        std::cout << "parse=invalid" << std::endl;
    }

    std::cout << "input=" << text << std::endl;
    return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <string>

int main() {
    std::string text = ;

    try {
        int value = std::stoi(text);
        std::cout << "value=" << value << std::endl;
    } catch (const std::invalid_argument& error) {
        std::cout << "parse=invalid" << std::endl;
    }

    std::cout << "input=" << text << std::endl;
    return 0;
}

standard exception Catch a standard exception by its type, then print your own stable message for the user.