Time and Numeric Utilities

Clamp Value

std::clamp keeps a value inside a minimum and maximum range.

clamp `std::clamp(value, low, high)` returns `low`, `high`, or the original value depending on the range.
bounds Bounds make invalid or extreme values fit a rule before later calculations use them.

Clamp Value

score
clamp_value.cpp
Replay: real traced execution (multi-file project)
#include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>

int main() {
    int score = 120;

    int bounded = std::clamp(score, 0, 100);
    bool changed = bounded != score;

    std::cout << "score=" << score << std::endl;
    std::cout << "bounded=" << bounded << std::endl;
    std::cout << "changed=" << changed << std::endl;
    return 0;
}

#include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>

int main() {
    int score = -10;

    int bounded = std::clamp(score, 0, 100);
    bool changed = bounded != score;

    std::cout << "score=" << score << std::endl;
    std::cout << "bounded=" << bounded << std::endl;
    std::cout << "changed=" << changed << std::endl;
    return 0;
}

#include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>

int main() {
    int score = 75;

    int bounded = std::clamp(score, 0, 100);
    bool changed = bounded != score;

    std::cout << "score=" << score << std::endl;
    std::cout << "bounded=" << bounded << std::endl;
    std::cout << "changed=" << changed << std::endl;
    return 0;
}

  1. score ← 120, bounded ← 100, changed ← 1

    4int main() {5    int score→ 120 = 120; //@score=-10, 7567    int bounded→ 100 = std::clamp(score120, 0, 100);8    bool changed→ 1 = bounded100 != score120;910    std::cout << "score=" << score120 << std::endl;11    std::cout << "bounded=" << bounded100 << std::endl;12    std::cout << "changed=" << changed1 << std::endl;13    return 0;14}
    outputscore=120
bounded=100
changed=1

  1. score ← -10, bounded ← 0, changed ← 1

    4int main() {5    int score→ -10 = -10;67    int bounded→ 0 = std::clamp(score-10, 0, 100);8    bool changed→ 1 = bounded0 != score-10;910    std::cout << "score=" << score-10 << std::endl;11    std::cout << "bounded=" << bounded0 << std::endl;12    std::cout << "changed=" << changed1 << std::endl;13    return 0;14}
    outputscore=-10
bounded=0
changed=1

  1. score ← 75, bounded ← 75, changed ← 0

    4int main() {5    int score→ 75 = 75;67    int bounded→ 75 = std::clamp(score75, 0, 100);8    bool changed→ 0 = bounded75 != score75;910    std::cout << "score=" << score75 << std::endl;11    std::cout << "bounded=" << bounded75 << std::endl;12    std::cout << "changed=" << changed0 << std::endl;13    return 0;14}
    outputscore=75
bounded=75
changed=0