A normal interface reflects by an exact impedance ratio. Exact arithmetic here means exact results for the stated model inputs; measured inputs still carry uncertainty and significant-figure limits.

highlighted = computed this step

Impedance contrast fixes the reflection ratio

The interface from 2 rayl to 6 rayl gives numerator 4 and denominator 8.

R=48=1/2R=\frac{4}{8}=1/2
Higher impedance reflectionThe pressure reflection coefficient is source-bound.incidentreflectedtransmittedleft 2 raylright 6 raylR 1/2in 4 Paback 2 Pathrough 6 PaI back 4 W/m^2

Pressure amplitude follows the signed ratio

Incident pressure 4 pascals times ratio 1 over 2 gives reflected pressure 2 pascals.

412=2 Pa4\cdot \frac{1}{2}=2\ \text{Pa}
Reflected pressure amplitudeThe echo amplitude label is computed from R.incidentreflectedtransmittedleft 2 raylright 6 raylR 1/2in 4 Paback 2 Pathrough 6 PaI back 4 W/m^2