Fixed thermal energy over larger volumes lowers pressure while pV stays closed. Exact arithmetic here means exact results for the stated model inputs; measured inputs still carry uncertainty and significant-figure limits.

highlighted = computed this step

Twelve joules in two cubic metres needs six pascals

Thermal energy stays 12 joules. Volume 2 cubic metres gives pressure 6 pascals.

12/2=612/2=6
Osmotic pressure ledgerParticle thermal energy closes the pressure-volume budget.thermalvolumepressurepV

Three cubic metres lowers pressure to four pascals

The same 12 joules spread through volume 3 cubic metres gives pressure 4 pascals.

12/3=412/3=4
Osmotic pressure ledgerParticle thermal energy closes the pressure-volume budget.thermalvolumepressurepV

Four cubic metres lowers pressure to three pascals

Volume 4 cubic metres gives pressure 3 pascals, and the checked product still closes at 12 joules.

34=123\cdot4=12
Osmotic pressure ledgerParticle thermal energy closes the pressure-volume budget.thermalvolumepressurepV