PCR and Clone-Chip Ledgers

Thermal Cycle Energy Is Repeated Work

A PCR thermal program is an instrument energy ledger here. Exact arithmetic here means exact results for the stated model inputs; measured inputs still carry uncertainty and significant-figure limits.

highlighted = computed this step

Each programmed temperature step has checked heat

Heat capacity 5 joules per kelvin times 20 kelvin gives 100 joules per step.

5⋅20=1005\cdot20=100
Thermal cycle ledgerParallel wells share elapsed time while heat scales by well count.elapsed100 Jstep1200 Jwell9600 Jchipcycle ledger

Repeated steps make the per-well ledger

3 steps per cycle for 4 cycles gives 12 steps and 1200 joules per well.

100⋅12=1200100\cdot12=1200
Thermal cycle ledgerParallel wells share elapsed time while heat scales by well count.elapsed100 Jstep1200 Jwell9600 Jchipcycle ledger