A measurement may proceed only when independent gates pass. Exact arithmetic here means exact results for the stated model inputs; measured inputs still carry uncertainty and significant-figure limits.

highlighted = computed this step

The control gate must pass

Control 9 is inside 10 plus or minus 1.

10=9+110=9+1
Control gateControls pass only inside the inclusive target window.targettolerancepasspass

The replicate spread gate must also pass

The replicate half-range is 2 and the limit is 2.

222\le2
Replicate boundsMean and spread are exact gates, not a statistics model.firstsecondthirdmeanspan

Acceptance is the conjunction of checked gates

Both checked gates pass, so this training measurement may proceed.

control pass  spread pass\text{control pass}\ \wedge\ \text{spread pass}
Measurement acceptanceFinal acceptance is bound to the checked source gates.accepted