Exact twofold standards make exact one-cycle threshold shifts. Exact arithmetic here means exact results for the stated model inputs; measured inputs still carry uncertainty and significant-figure limits.

highlighted = computed this step

Each standard is half the previous start

The starts are 64,32,16,8. The dilution ratio is two by construction.

64,32,16,864,32,16,8
Serial dilution threshold ledgerEach twofold dilution shifts the threshold by one exact PCR cycle.starts=64,32,16,8Ct=0,1,2,3shift=0,1,2,3accepted=1

The threshold cycles shift by one

Against threshold 64, the checked threshold cycles are 0,1,2,3.

0,1,2,30,1,2,3
Serial dilution threshold ledgerEach twofold dilution shifts the threshold by one exact PCR cycle.starts=64,32,16,8Ct=0,1,2,3shift=0,1,2,3accepted=1