A thermal program needs both heat capacity and temperature-step factor scans before the total heat budget is trusted. Exact arithmetic here means exact results for the stated model inputs; measured inputs still carry uncertainty and significant-figure limits.
highlighted = computed this step
Ramp heat has two factors
The ramp helper computes each heat bar as heat capacity times temperature change. This scan changes those factors separately before summing the program.
Qi=CΔTi
Capacity and delta lists give different row shapes
The middle row keeps the same delta list as the first row but changes capacity. The last row changes the delta distribution, so the bars become equal before they sum.