A TCP connection begins by exchanging starting sequence numbers before data. This lesson previews the ordered SYN, SYN-ACK, ACK flow and the exact numbers each side learns.

highlighted = computed this step

Why a connection starts with agreement

Before data can be ordered, each endpoint has to reveal its starting sequence number. The timeline shows the client and server exchanging those starting points.

client ISN=1000\text{client ISN}=1000
Handshake previewA TCP handshake timeline recomputed from exact sequence and acknowledgment numbers.Handshake previewClientCLOSEDSYN-SENTESTABLISHEDServerLISTENSYN-RECEIVEDESTABLISHEDSYN seq=1000 SYNSYN-ACK seq=3000 ack=1001 SYN, ACKACK seq=1001 ack=3001 ACK

Preview the segments

The client starts at 1000, the server starts at 3000, and the flow uses 3 ordered segments.

10003000segments=31000\to3000\quad\text{segments}=3
Handshake previewA TCP handshake timeline recomputed from exact sequence and acknowledgment numbers.Handshake previewClientCLOSEDSYN-SENTESTABLISHEDServerLISTENSYN-RECEIVEDESTABLISHEDSYN seq=1000 SYNSYN-ACK seq=3000 ack=1001 SYN, ACKACK seq=1001 ack=3001 ACK

Why sequence numbers appear first

The numbers are not payload bytes yet. They are the initial positions that later byte streams will count from.

sequence numbers before payload\text{sequence numbers before payload}
Handshake previewA TCP handshake timeline recomputed from exact sequence and acknowledgment numbers.Handshake previewClientCLOSEDSYN-SENTESTABLISHEDServerLISTENSYN-RECEIVEDESTABLISHEDSYN seq=1000 SYNSYN-ACK seq=3000 ack=1001 SYN, ACKACK seq=1001 ack=3001 ACK

Summary

A handshake exposes both starting sequence numbers before data transfer. Connection setup ordering and exact sequence numbers only; timing, retransmission, and round-trip time are not modeled here.

client ISN=1000\text{client ISN}=1000
Handshake previewA TCP handshake timeline recomputed from exact sequence and acknowledgment numbers.Handshake previewClientCLOSEDSYN-SENTESTABLISHEDServerLISTENSYN-RECEIVEDESTABLISHEDSYN seq=1000 SYNSYN-ACK seq=3000 ack=1001 SYN, ACKACK seq=1001 ack=3001 ACK