Three checked capacitor-energy rows make the charge-square relation scanable. Exact arithmetic here means exact results for the stated model inputs; measured inputs still carry uncertainty and significant-figure limits.

highlighted = computed this step

Charge row 1 gives capacitor energy

Charge 2 with capacitance 4 produces a checked capacitor-energy row.

EC=Q22C=48=12E_C=\frac{Q^{2}}{2C}=\frac{4}{8}=\frac{1}{2}
Charge energy row 1The energy check derives capacitor energy from charge and capacitance.snapshot0Charge=2 Csnapshot0Capacitance=4 Fsnapshot0Flux=0 Wbsnapshot0Inductance=1 Hsnapshot0CapacitorEnergy=1/2 Jsnapshot0InductorEnergy=0 Jsnapshot0TotalEnergy=1/2 J

Charge row 2 gives capacitor energy

Charge 4 with capacitance 4 produces a checked capacitor-energy row.

EC=Q22C=168=2E_C=\frac{Q^{2}}{2C}=\frac{16}{8}=2
Charge energy row 2The energy check derives capacitor energy from charge and capacitance.snapshot0Charge=4 Csnapshot0Capacitance=4 Fsnapshot0Flux=0 Wbsnapshot0Inductance=1 Hsnapshot0CapacitorEnergy=2 Jsnapshot0InductorEnergy=0 Jsnapshot0TotalEnergy=2 J

Charge row 3 gives capacitor energy

Charge 6 with capacitance 4 produces a checked capacitor-energy row.

EC=Q22C=368=92E_C=\frac{Q^{2}}{2C}=\frac{36}{8}=\frac{9}{2}
Charge energy row 3The energy check derives capacitor energy from charge and capacitance.snapshot0Charge=6 Csnapshot0Capacitance=4 Fsnapshot0Flux=0 Wbsnapshot0Inductance=1 Hsnapshot0CapacitorEnergy=9/2 Jsnapshot0InductorEnergy=0 Jsnapshot0TotalEnergy=9/2 J

Charge changes the energy quadratically

The capacitance stays fixed. Each row squares its own charge source before dividing by the same denominator.

QQQEC2412416263692\begin{array}{c|c|c}Q&Q Q&E_C\\2&4&\frac{1}{2}\\4&16&2\\6&36&\frac{9}{2}\\\end{array}
Charge energy source scanThe displayed row is the largest charge source.Q=6 gives E=9/2