Donor and acceptor rows show majority type as count arithmetic. Exact arithmetic here means exact results for the stated model inputs; measured inputs still carry uncertainty and significant-figure limits.

highlighted = computed this step

Donors push the electron ledger higher

The toy intrinsic counts are 2 electrons and 2 holes. Donors 6 and acceptors 0 give electron count 8, hole count 2, and margin 6.

e=2+6=8,h=2+0=2,Δ=6e=2+6=8,\quad h=2+0=2,\quad \Delta=6
Doping row n-typeMajority type and margin are checked count ledgers.intrinsic_e=2intrinsic_h=2donors=6acceptors=0electrons=8holes=2majority=n-typemargin=6

Acceptors push the hole ledger higher

The toy intrinsic counts are 2 electrons and 2 holes. Donors 0 and acceptors 5 give electron count 2, hole count 7, and margin 5.

e=2+0=2,h=2+5=7,Δ=5e=2+0=2,\quad h=2+5=7,\quad \Delta=5
Doping row p-typeMajority type and margin are checked count ledgers.intrinsic_e=2intrinsic_h=2donors=0acceptors=5electrons=2holes=7majority=p-typemargin=5

Equal donor and acceptor counts are the boundary

The toy intrinsic counts are 2 electrons and 2 holes. Donors 4 and acceptors 4 give electron count 6, hole count 6, and margin 0.

e=2+4=6,h=2+4=6,Δ=0e=2+4=6,\quad h=2+4=6,\quad \Delta=0
Doping row balancedMajority type and margin are checked count ledgers.intrinsic_e=2intrinsic_h=2donors=4acceptors=4electrons=6holes=6majority=balancedmargin=0