The toy gap is an exact energy difference. Exact arithmetic here means exact results for the stated model inputs; measured inputs still carry uncertainty and significant-figure limits.

highlighted = computed this step

The gap is the conduction level minus the valence level

The valence ledger is 0 joules and the conduction ledger is 6 joules.

Ev=0 J,Ec=6 JE_v=0\ \mathrm{J},\quad E_c=6\ \mathrm{J}
Band gap ledgerThe gap label comes from the checked energy difference.E_v=0 JE_c=6 JE_g=6 J

Subtracting the two ledgers gives the gap

The checked band gap is 6 joules.

Eg=EcEv=60=6 JE_g=E_c-E_v=6 - 0=6\ \mathrm{J}
Gap differenceThe book uses a training gap, not a real material constant.E_v=0 JE_c=6 JE_g=6 J