Strong Drive Saturates at Load Demand - Semiconductor Physics and Transistor Switching Step by Step

At and above load demand, the load path caps collector current.

At and above load demand, the load path caps collector current. Exact arithmetic here means exact results for the stated model inputs; measured inputs still carry uncertainty and significant-figure limits.

highlighted = computed this step

The equality boundary is counted as saturation

Here beta times base current equals the load demand: 3 A equals 3 A.

\beta I_B=3\ \text{A}=I_\text{load}

In saturation the load caps the collector current

The collector current is capped at 3 A, and the ideal training model puts the output at 0 V.

I_C=3\ \text{A},\quad V_\text{out}=0\ \text{V}