Donors and Acceptors Set the Majority - Semiconductor Physics and Transistor Switching Step by Step

The toy doping model checks majority type and margin only.

The toy doping model checks majority type and margin only. Exact arithmetic here means exact results for the stated model inputs; measured inputs still carry uncertainty and significant-figure limits.

highlighted = computed this step

Donors make the toy majority ledger n-type

Two intrinsic electrons plus 6 donors gives 8 electrons against 2 holes, so the margin is 6.

n=2+6=8,\quad \Delta=6

Acceptors make the toy majority ledger p-type

Five acceptors with two intrinsic holes gives 7 holes against 2 electrons.

p=2+5=7

Equal donor and acceptor additions are a boundary case

Four donors and four acceptors give equal toy ledgers and margin 0.

\Delta=0\Rightarrow \mathrm{balanced}