An alias changes the output label without changing the source value.
alias labels
Read renamed labels
The output labels are label and count.
labels renamed
SELECT-list examples are tiny finite-table transforms; DISTINCT, aggregation, type coercion, optimizer behavior, and database-product claims are out of scope.
Values still come from source columns
The values under label come from item, and the values under count come from qty.
same values, new labels
Summary
Aliases are labels, not a new computation by themselves.