Three bound rows show the remaining energy margin before escape.

Three bound rows show the remaining energy margin before escape. Exact arithmetic here means exact results for the stated model inputs; measured inputs still carry uncertainty and significant-figure limits.

highlighted = computed this step

Speed-square 2 leaves margin 3

At radius four, potential is fixed at negative 4. Speed-square 2 gives kinetic 1, leaving binding margin 3.

ϵ=1−4=−3,m=3\epsilon=1\mathbin{-}4=-3,\quad m=3
Binding margin row 1The same potential well is compared against a larger kinetic term.speedSquared=2 m^2/s^2kineticSpecific=1 J/kgpotentialSpecific=-4 J/kgtotalSpecificEnergy=-3 J/kgenergyStatus=bound

Speed-square 4 leaves margin 2

At radius four, potential is fixed at negative 4. Speed-square 4 gives kinetic 2, leaving binding margin 2.

ϵ=2−4=−2,m=2\epsilon=2\mathbin{-}4=-2,\quad m=2
Binding margin row 2The same potential well is compared against a larger kinetic term.speedSquared=4 m^2/s^2kineticSpecific=2 J/kgpotentialSpecific=-4 J/kgtotalSpecificEnergy=-2 J/kgenergyStatus=bound

Speed-square 6 leaves margin 1

At radius four, potential is fixed at negative 4. Speed-square 6 gives kinetic 3, leaving binding margin 1.

ϵ=3−4=−1,m=1\epsilon=3\mathbin{-}4=-1,\quad m=1
Binding margin row 3The same potential well is compared against a larger kinetic term.speedSquared=6 m^2/s^2kineticSpecific=3 J/kgpotentialSpecific=-4 J/kgtotalSpecificEnergy=-1 J/kgenergyStatus=bound

Three bound rows show the margin shrinking before escape

The earlier chapter crossed bound, escape, and unbound. This scan stays below escape and shows the remaining margin as speed-square rises.

v⋅vKUϵmargin21−4−3342−4−2263−4−11\begin{array}{c|c|c|c|c}v\cdot v&K&U&\epsilon&margin\\2&1&-4&-3&3\\4&2&-4&-2&2\\6&3&-4&-1&1\\\end{array}
Binding margin ladderThe largest kinetic row remains below the zero-energy boundary.speedSquared=6 m^2/s^2kineticSpecific=3 J/kgpotentialSpecific=-4 J/kgtotalSpecificEnergy=-1 J/kgenergyStatus=boundstill bound: epsilon=-1