Visible charge is scanned across finite source and response ledgers. Exact arithmetic here means exact results for the stated model inputs; measured inputs still carry uncertainty and significant-figure limits.

highlighted = computed this step

Visible charge is signed source plus response

This is a finite signed shielding ledger. It does not claim a real exponential charge profile.

8 C+(3 C)=5 C8\ \text{C}+(-3\ \text{C})=5\ \text{C}
Visible charge sourceSource, response, and visible labels are checked.sourcefieldsource=8 Cresponse=-3 Cvisible=5 Cscale2=12 m^2density=3lambda2=4 m^2

A stronger opposite response hides more source charge

The visible charge column is just signed addition. The zero row is complete finite cancellation, not field disappearance everywhere.

QsourceQresponseQvisible642835550\begin{array}{c|c|c}Q_{\text{source}}&Q_{\text{response}}&Q_{\text{visible}}\\6&-4&2\\8&-3&5\\5&-5&0\\\end{array}
Shielding response scanThe middle row is the checked source diagram.sourcefieldsource=8 Cresponse=-3 Cvisible=5 Cscale2=12 m^2density=3lambda2=4 m^2