Shielding Visible Over-Screening Boundary Scan - Plasma Physics: Debye Shielding, Gyromotion, and Collective Oscillations Step by Step

Visible charge walks through cancellation and sign reversal. Exact arithmetic here means exact results for the stated model inputs; measured inputs still carry uncertainty and significant-figure limits.

highlighted = computed this step

The checked row reaches finite cancellation

The diagram pins a six coulomb source and a negative six coulomb response. The visible ledger is zero before any boundary claim is made.

6\ \text{C}+(-6\ \text{C})=0\ \text{C}

More negative response walks through the boundary

The source stays fixed. The response column moves from partial shielding to cancellation and then to a sign flip.

\begin{array}{c|c|c}Q_s&Q_r&Q_{\text{visible}}\\6&-4&2\\6&-6&0\\6&-8&-2\\\end{array}

Past zero, visible charge reverses sign

The last row is not a new particle model. It is the signed finite budget showing that over-response changes the sign of the outside ledger.

\begin{array}{c}Q_r<-Q_s\\Q_{\text{visible}}<0\end{array}