Include and Require

Include Variables

include runs another PHP file and makes its variables available afterward.

shared variables An included file can prepare a small value that the main file combines with local data.

Include Variables

name
include_variables.php
Replay: real traced execution (multi-file project)
<?php
$name = "Ada";
include __DIR__ . "/greeting_vars.inc";
$message = $greetingPrefix . ", " . $name;

echo "prefix=" . $greetingPrefix . "\n";
echo "message=" . $message . "\n";

<?php
$name = "Grace";
include __DIR__ . "/greeting_vars.inc";
$message = $greetingPrefix . ", " . $name;

echo "prefix=" . $greetingPrefix . "\n";
echo "message=" . $message . "\n";

<?php
$name = "Rasmus";
include __DIR__ . "/greeting_vars.inc";
$message = $greetingPrefix . ", " . $name;

echo "prefix=" . $greetingPrefix . "\n";
echo "message=" . $message . "\n";

  1. $name ← Ada, $message ← , Ada

    1<?php2$name→ Ada = "Ada"; //@name="Grace", "Rasmus"3include __DIR__ . "/greeting_vars.inc";4$message→ , Ada = $greetingPrefixNULL . ", " . $nameAda;56echo "prefix=" . $greetingPrefixNULL . "\n";7echo "message=" . $message, Ada . "\n";
    outputprefix=
message=, Ada

  1. $name ← Grace, $message ← , Grace

    1<?php2$name→ Grace = "Grace";3include __DIR__ . "/greeting_vars.inc";4$message→ , Grace = $greetingPrefixNULL . ", " . $nameGrace;56echo "prefix=" . $greetingPrefixNULL . "\n";7echo "message=" . $message, Grace . "\n";
    outputprefix=
message=, Grace

  1. $name ← Rasmus, $message ← , Rasmus

    1<?php2$name→ Rasmus = "Rasmus";3include __DIR__ . "/greeting_vars.inc";4$message→ , Rasmus = $greetingPrefixNULL . ", " . $nameRasmus;56echo "prefix=" . $greetingPrefixNULL . "\n";7echo "message=" . $message, Rasmus . "\n";
    outputprefix=
message=, Rasmus