A toy mass and speed limit make rest energy exact. Exact arithmetic here means exact results for the stated model inputs; measured inputs still carry uncertainty and significant-figure limits.

highlighted = computed this step

The mass is a training number

This book uses toy mass 4 kg and toy speed limit 5 m/s; real particle masses use different units.

m=4c=5m=4\quad c=5
Rest energyToy mass and speed limit produce checked rest energy.m=4 kgE0=100 JE=100 J

Rest energy is mass times speed limit squared

The rest energy is 4 times 5 times 5, which is 100 J.

455=1004\cdot5\cdot5=100
Rest energyToy mass and speed limit produce checked rest energy.m=4 kgE0=100 JE=100 J