Reaction Closure Cross Scans

Energy Momentum Three-Row Scan

mass and momentum set energy

Massive and photon rows show the two checked energy rules with small numbers. Exact arithmetic here means exact results for the stated model inputs; measured inputs still carry uncertainty and significant-figure limits.

highlighted = computed this step

Massive rest energy uses mass times speed squared

The massive row uses toy mass 4 kg and speed limit 5 m/s, giving rest and total energy 100 J when momentum is zero.

4⋅5⋅5=1004\cdot5\cdot5=100
Particle energy rowVisible mass, momentum, rest energy, and total energy are checked.electronm=4 kgp=0 kg*m/sE0=100 JE=100 J

Photon momentum two gives ten joules

The photon row has no rest energy. Momentum 2 kg m/s times speed limit 5 m/s gives total energy 10 J.

2⋅5=102\cdot5=10
Particle energy rowVisible mass, momentum, rest energy, and total energy are checked.photonm=0 kgp=2 kg*m/sE0=0 JE=10 J

Photon momentum four gives twenty joules

Doubling photon momentum to 4 kg m/s doubles the energy to 20 J at the same toy speed limit.

4⋅5=204\cdot5=20
Particle energy rowVisible mass, momentum, rest energy, and total energy are checked.photonm=0 kgp=4 kg*m/sE0=0 JE=20 J