Circular Orbits

Lower Orbit Needs Larger Speed-Square

Smaller radius around the same source needs larger circular speed-square. Exact arithmetic here means exact results for the stated model inputs; measured inputs still carry uncertainty and significant-figure limits.

highlighted = computed this step

The lower orbit has smaller radius and stronger field

The upper radius is 4 while the lower radius is 1.

rupper=4rlower=1r_{\mathrm{upper}}=4\quad r_{\mathrm{lower}}=1
Upper and lower circular ledgersBoth field checks cite the same source parameter.upper orbitlower orbit needs more square speedaccepted contrast

The lower orbit needs larger speed-square

The upper speed-square is 4, while the lower speed-square is 16.

vlower2=16>4=vupper2v_{\mathrm{lower}}^{2}=16>4=v_{\mathrm{upper}}^{2}
Lower orbit needs larger speed-squareThe validator checks v-square equals mu over radius for both.upper orbitlower orbit needs more square speedaccepted contrast