Dividing counts by N turns each column into exact probabilities.

highlighted = computed this step

Divide counts by N

A frequency matrix divides every count by N, here N equals 4.

frequency=countN\text{frequency}=\frac{\text{count}}{N}
Frequency matrixCounts divided by N become exact fractions.BasePosition 1Position 2Position 3Position 4A1001/4C03/400G01/410T0003/4column sum1111

Each column is a probability distribution

Every column sums to 1. For example, C at the second position has frequency 3/4, while G there has 1/4.

34+14=1\frac{3}{4}+\frac{1}{4}=1
Frequency matrixCounts divided by N become exact fractions.BasePosition 1Position 2Position 3Position 4A1001/4C03/400G01/410T0003/4column sum1111