A concave mirror can form a real image where checked reflected rays meet in front of the mirror.

Example

A concave mirror can form a real image where checked reflected rays meet in front of the mirror. Exact arithmetic here means exact results for the stated model inputs; measured inputs still carry uncertainty and significant-figure limits.

highlighted = computed this step

A concave mirror has a front focus

Use a concave mirror with focal length 6 metres. Put the object 12 metres in front of the mirror, outside the focus.

f=6 mu=12 mf = 6\ \text{m}\qquad u = 12\ \text{m}
Concave mirror raysReflected rays meet in front of the mirror.Fmirrorobjectimage

Reflected rays agree on the image

The vertex ray and the parallel-to-focus ray meet at the same front-side point. That agreement is the real mirror image.

reflected ray intersection=image point\text{reflected ray intersection} = \text{image point}
Concave mirror raysReflected rays meet in front of the mirror.Fmirrorobjectimage

Object distance changes the meeting point

Hold the concave focal length fixed. Moving the object changes where the reflected rays meet and changes the inverted scale.

fuvm6 m18 m9 m126 m12 m12 m16 m9 m18 m2\begin{array}{c|c|c|c}f&u&v&m\\6\ \text{m}&18\ \text{m}&9\ \text{m}&\tfrac{-1}{2}\\6\ \text{m}&12\ \text{m}&12\ \text{m}&-1\\6\ \text{m}&9\ \text{m}&18\ \text{m}&-2\\\end{array}
Concave mirror raysThe middle table row is the drawn ray case.Fmirrorobjectimage
optics The image point is accepted only when independent reflected-ray geometry agrees with the mirror equation.