A bright ion scatters enough fluorescence photons to cross a fixed count threshold, so the readout classifies it as bit 1. The count 12 against threshold 10 gives result bit 1 exactly for the stated bright-state and threshold ledger; real readout has photon-count shot noise, state-preparation error, threshold drift, detector efficiency, background counts, and calibration uncertainty.
Bright-state fluorescence is a checked threshold result. Exact arithmetic here means exact results for the stated model inputs; measured inputs still carry uncertainty and significant-figure limits.
highlighted = computed this step
The readout cites a checked internal state
The cited state bit is 1 before the photon count is interpreted.
bstate=1
Bright state crosses the count threshold
The count is 12 against threshold 10, giving result bit 1.