Foundations

Burden Labels

Burden-of-proof labels shown as an ordering without numeric probabilities.

Structured Visual

Jurisdiction: US; as of 2026-06-24; not legal advice; Code encodes a stated structural model, not the law itself. RENDER STRUCTURE · REFUSE INTERPRETATION · CITE · ABSTAIN · HAND-OFF.

RENDER STRUCTURE · REFUSE INTERPRETATION · CITE · ABSTAIN · HAND-OFF: render structure, refuse interpretation, cite provenance, abstain when unsupported, and hand off to human review.

Ordered burden labelsOrdered burden labelsscope: US | Simplified burden label ordering | as of 2026-06-24Simplified standard model; jurisdictions vary; not legal advice; this models a process, notthe law itself.QuestionPreponderanceClear convincingBeyond reasonable doubtStandard labeledge=start->preponderance label=ordinary civiledge=preponderance->clear label=higher civiledge=clear->reasonable label=criminaledge=reasonable->done label=label onlySCC: scc4:start; scc3:preponderance; scc2:clear; scc1:reasonable; scc0:done
highlighted = computed this step

Foundations honesty note

Honesty note: simplified standard model; jurisdiction US; as of 2026-06-24; jurisdictions vary; not legal advice; the chart models a process description, not the law itself.

US model as of 2026−06−24\text{US model as of }2026-06-24

Burdens are labels

This lesson treats burden names as ordered labels in a simplified teaching model.

burden labels only\text{burden labels only}

Example ordered set

The toy set includes ordinary civil, higher civil, and criminal labels. The order is a label order, not a probability scale.

no numeric probability\text{no numeric probability}

The chart governs the labels

The chart orders labels without assigning numeric probabilities. It shows 5 labels or steps.

ordered labels=5\text{ordered labels}=5

Diagram note

The diagram is only an ordered label map. It does not measure evidence strength.

ordered labels not measurement\text{ordered labels not measurement}

Jurisdiction: US; as of 2026-06-24; not legal advice; Code encodes a stated structural model, not the law itself. RENDER STRUCTURE · REFUSE INTERPRETATION · CITE · ABSTAIN · HAND-OFF.

RENDER STRUCTURE · REFUSE INTERPRETATION · CITE · ABSTAIN · HAND-OFF: render structure, refuse interpretation, cite provenance, abstain when unsupported, and hand off to human review.

Ordered burden labelsOrdered burden labelsscope: US | Simplified burden label ordering | as of 2026-06-24Simplified standard model; jurisdictions vary; not legal advice; this models a process, notthe law itself.QuestionPreponderanceClear convincingBeyond reasonable doubtStandard labeledge=start->preponderance label=ordinary civiledge=preponderance->clear label=higher civiledge=clear->reasonable label=criminaledge=reasonable->done label=label onlySCC: scc4:start; scc3:preponderance; scc2:clear; scc1:reasonable; scc0:done

Narrow summary

Keep burden names as labels unless a stated rule gives a separate evidentiary model.

labels stay labels\text{labels stay labels}