Foundations

Burden Labels

Burden-of-proof labels shown as an ordering without numeric probabilities.

highlighted = computed this step

Foundations honesty note

Honesty note: simplified standard model; jurisdiction US; as of 2026-06-24; jurisdictions vary; not legal advice; the chart models a process description, not the law itself.

US model as of 2026−06−24\text{US model as of }2026-06-24

Burdens are labels

This lesson treats burden names as ordered labels in a simplified teaching model.

burden labels only\text{burden labels only}

Example ordered set

The toy set includes ordinary civil, higher civil, and criminal labels. The order is a label order, not a probability scale.

no numeric probability\text{no numeric probability}

The chart governs the labels

The chart orders labels without assigning numeric probabilities. It shows 5 labels or steps.

ordered labels=5\text{ordered labels}=5

Diagram note

The diagram is only an ordered label map. It does not measure evidence strength.

ordered labels not measurement\text{ordered labels not measurement}

Jurisdiction: US; as of 2026-06-24; not legal advice; Code encodes the stated-rule interpretation.

Ordered burden labelsOrdered burden labelsscope: US | Simplified burden label ordering | as of 2026-06-24Simplified standard model; jurisdictions vary; not legal advice; this models a process, not the law itself.ordinary civilhigher civilcriminallabel onlyQuestionrole start r0 in0 out1 reach4Preponderancerole step r1 in1 out1 reach3Clear convincingrole step r2 in1 out1 reach2Beyond reasonable doubtrole step r3 in1 out1 reach1Standard labelrole terminal r4 in1 out0 reach0SCC: scc4:start; scc3:preponderance; scc2:clear; scc1:reasonable; scc0:done

Narrow summary

Keep burden names as labels unless a stated rule gives a separate evidentiary model.

labels stay labels\text{labels stay labels}