The capstone accepts one coherent switching-energy ledger. Exact arithmetic here means exact results for the stated model inputs; measured inputs still carry uncertainty and significant-figure limits.

highlighted = computed this step

The capstone audit has to cite every upstream source

The final accepted value is downstream of ramp, energy, work, balance, buck-average, and power checks.

audit=ramp+energy+work+balance+buck+power\text{audit}=\text{ramp}+\text{energy}+\text{work}+\text{balance}+\text{buck}+\text{power}
Switching audit setupThe audit object is source-bound across the full chain.L 3 HV 9 Vdt 1 sIi 0 AdI 3 AIf 3 AL 3 HV -3 Vdt 3 sIi 3 AdI -3 AIf 0 AL 3 HI 3 AE 27/2 JI0 0 AE0 0 JdE 27/2 JVs 9 VIavg 3/2 Adt 1 sW 27/2 Jsum Vdt 0 V*sgate passVin 12 VD 1/4Vout 3 VVin 12 VVout 3 VIout 2 APout 6 WIin(avg) 1/2 Aon ramp sourceoff ramp sourceenergy sourcework sourcebalance sourcebuck sourcepower sourceaccepted

The source chain stays accepted as load current changes

Each row rebuilds the full source chain. The load current changes power, but every accepted bit remains source-bound.

IoutPoutIin(avg)gate1 A3 W14 Apass2 A6 W12 Apass3 A9 W34 Apass\begin{array}{c|c|c|c}I_{\text{out}}&P_{\text{out}}&I_{\text{in(avg)}}&\text{gate}\\1\ \text{A}&3\ \text{W}&\tfrac{1}{4}\ \text{A}&\text{pass}\\2\ \text{A}&6\ \text{W}&\tfrac{1}{2}\ \text{A}&\text{pass}\\3\ \text{A}&9\ \text{W}&\tfrac{3}{4}\ \text{A}&\text{pass}\\\end{array}

The switching converter audit cites every accepted source

The final accepted bit is not a caption: it follows the ramp, energy, work, balance, buck, and power source refs.

0 Vs;Vout=3 V;Pout=6 W;Iin(avg)=12 A0\ \text{V}\cdot\text{s};\quad V_{\text{out}}=3\ \text{V};\quad P_{\text{out}}=6\ \text{W};\quad I_{\text{in(avg)}}=\tfrac{1}{2}\ \text{A}
Inductor switching acceptance auditEvery final number is source-bound.L 3 HV 9 Vdt 1 sIi 0 AdI 3 AIf 3 AL 3 HV -3 Vdt 3 sIi 3 AdI -3 AIf 0 AL 3 HI 3 AE 27/2 JI0 0 AE0 0 JdE 27/2 JVs 9 VIavg 3/2 Adt 1 sW 27/2 Jsum Vdt 0 V*sgate passVin 12 VD 1/4Vout 3 VVin 12 VVout 3 VIout 2 APout 6 WIin(avg) 1/2 Aon ramp sourceoff ramp sourceenergy sourcework sourcebalance sourcebuck sourcepower sourceaccepted