Transistor Relation Cross Scans

Beta Load Region Three-Row Scan

The active-to-saturation boundary is a numeric comparison between beta drive and load demand. Exact arithmetic here means exact results for the stated model inputs; measured inputs still carry uncertainty and significant-figure limits.

highlighted = computed this step

Beta one cannot meet the three-ampere load

Base current stays 1 A. Beta 1 makes drive 1 A, while the load demand stays 3 A; the checked region is active and output is 8 V.

βIB=1⋅1 A=1 A<3 A\beta I_B=1\cdot1\ \text{A}=1\ \text{A}<3\ \text{A}
Collector region scanDrive limit, load demand, collector current, and output are checked.drive 1 Aload 3 Acollector 1 Aoutput 8 Vactive

Beta three exactly reaches the saturation boundary

Base current stays 1 A. Beta 3 makes drive 3 A, while the load demand stays 3 A; the checked region is saturation and output is 0 V.

βIB=3⋅1 A=3 A=3 A\beta I_B=3\cdot1\ \text{A}=3\ \text{A}=3\ \text{A}
Collector region scanDrive limit, load demand, collector current, and output are checked.output 0 Vdrive 3 Aload 3 Acollector 3 Asaturation

Extra drive is capped by the same load path

Base current stays 1 A. Beta 4 makes drive 4 A, while the load demand stays 3 A; the checked region is saturation and output is 0 V.

βIB=4⋅1 A=4 A>3 A\beta I_B=4\cdot1\ \text{A}=4\ \text{A}>3\ \text{A}
Collector region scanDrive limit, load demand, collector current, and output are checked.output 0 Vdrive 4 Aload 3 Acollector 3 Asaturation