Difference Source Gap Three-Row Scan - Electronic Circuits VI: Op-Amp Feedback and Exact Gain Networks Step by Step

Three source-gap rows show the difference amplifier responding to separation between inputs. Exact arithmetic here means exact results for the stated model inputs; measured inputs still carry uncertainty and significant-figure limits.

highlighted = computed this step

A one-volt input gap becomes two output volts

Matched ratios make gain 2 on the source difference. Inputs 3 and 2 volts differ by 1 volt.

V_{\text{out}}=2\cdot(3\ \text{V} - 2\ \text{V})=2\ \text{V}

A two-volt input gap becomes four output volts

The reference input remains 2 volts. Raising the other source to 4 volts makes output 4 volts.

V_{\text{out}}=2\cdot(4\ \text{V} - 2\ \text{V})=4\ \text{V}

A three-volt input gap becomes six output volts

The third row uses source inputs 5 and 2 volts. The matched difference output is 6 volts.

V_{\text{out}}=2\cdot(5\ \text{V} - 2\ \text{V})=6\ \text{V}